What is Free Evolution?
Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the evolution of new species and the change in appearance of existing ones.
This has been demonstrated by many examples of stickleback fish species that can thrive in saltwater or fresh water and walking stick insect types that have a preference for particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.
Evolution by Natural Selection
Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all the living creatures that inhabit our planet for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the most well-known explanation. 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 is because individuals who are better-adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well adapted individuals grows and eventually creates a new species.
Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to his or her offspring, which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of creating viable, fertile offspring. This can be achieved by both asexual or sexual methods.
All of these variables must be in balance to allow natural selection to take place. For example when a dominant allele at the gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive allele the dominant allele will be more prevalent within the population. However, if the gene confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that a species with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive trait. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive. People with desirable traits, like a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to reproduce and survive and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.
Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 is a major distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits through usage or inaction. For instance, if a animal's neck is lengthened by stretching to reach for prey, its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The difference in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe becomes unable to reproduce with other giraffes.
Evolution by Genetic Drift
In the process of genetic drift, alleles at a gene may reach different frequencies in a population due to random events. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no more be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. In the extreme, this leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to a minimum. In a small group this could lead to the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolution process that occurs when a large number individuals migrate to form a group.
A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or a mass hunting event are concentrated in a small area. The survivors are likely to be homozygous for the dominant allele, meaning that they all share the same phenotype, and therefore have the same fitness characteristics. This could be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. Regardless of the cause, the genetically distinct population that is left might be prone to genetic drift.
Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected value due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, share the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This type of drift can play a very important part in the evolution of an organism. However, it's not the only method to progress. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity of the population.
Stephens asserts that there is a major difference between treating drift as a force or an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution, such as mutation, selection and migration as forces or causes. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us separate it from other forces, and this differentiation is crucial. He further argues that drift is both a direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on population size.
Evolution by Lamarckism
Students of biology in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms taking on traits that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This causes the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed to their offspring, who would grow taller.
Lamarck the French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate matter by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject its first broad and thorough treatment.
The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 prevailed and led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics can be passed down through generations and instead argues that organisms evolve through the influence of environment factors, including Natural Selection.
Although Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance by acquired characters, and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion, it was never a central element in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.
However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a vast body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired characteristics. It is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is just as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.
Evolution by Adaptation
One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is a result of a kind of struggle for survival. In fact, this view is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which could be a struggle that involves not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.
Understanding adaptation is important to comprehend evolution. Adaptation is any feature that allows living organisms to survive in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical structure such as feathers or fur. Or it can be a behavior trait such as moving to the shade during the heat, or escaping the cold at night.
The ability of a living thing to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms and their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. The organism should be able to reproduce at a rate that is optimal for its specific niche.
These factors, together with gene flow and mutation, lead to changes in the ratio of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequency can result in the development of new traits and ultimately new species.
Many of the features we admire in animals and plants are adaptations. For instance lung or gills that extract oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation and long legs to get away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral characteristics.
Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to search for companions or to move into the shade in hot weather, aren't. It is also important to keep in mind that insufficient planning does not make an adaptation. In fact, a failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it ineffective despite the fact that it might appear logical or even necessary.